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Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American singer, dancer, actress, and civil rights activist. Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of 16 and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood, where she had small parts in numerous movies, and more substantial parts in the 1943 films ''Cabin in the Sky'' and ''Stormy Weather''. Because of the Red Scare and her left-leaning political views, Horne found herself blacklisted and unable to get work in Hollywood.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Lena Horne – About the Performer | American Masters | PBS )〕 Her career spanned over 70 years appearing in film, television and on broadway. Returning to her roots as a nightclub performer, Horne took part in the March on Washington in August 1963, and continued to work as a performer, both in nightclubs and on television, while releasing well-received record albums. She announced her retirement in March 1980, but the next year starred in a one-woman show, ''Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music'', which ran for more than three hundred performances on Broadway and she then toured the country in, which earned her numerous awards and accolades. She continued recording and performing sporadically into the 1990s, disappearing from the public eye in 2000. == Early life == Lena Horne was born in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn.〔 Reportedly descended from the John C. Calhoun family, both sides of her family were a mixture of European American, Native American, and African-American descent, and belonged to the upper stratum of middle-class, well-educated people. Her father, Edwin Fletcher "Teddy" Horne, Jr. (1893–1970),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lena Horne Bio – Lena Horne Career )〕 a numbers kingpin in the gambling trade, left the family when she was three and moved to an upper-middle-class black community in the Hill District community of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her mother, Edna Louise Scottron (1894–1976), was a granddaughter of inventor Samuel R. Scottron; she was an actress with a black theatre troupe and traveled extensively.〔("Ancestors & Descendants of Lena Mary Calhoun Horne" ). The Family Forest.〕 Edna's maternal grandmother, Amelie Louise Ashton, was a Senegalese slave.〔Schickel (1965), p. 7.〕 Horne was mainly raised by her grandparents, Cora Calhoun and Edwin Horne.〔 When Horne was five, she was sent to live in Georgia. For several years, she traveled with her mother.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lena Horne )〕 From 1927 to 1929 she lived with her uncle, Frank S. Horne, Dean of Students at Fort Valley Junior Industrial Institute (now part of Fort Valley State University) in Fort Valley, Georgia,〔 who would later serve as an adviser to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. From Fort Valley, southwest of Macon, Horne briefly moved to Atlanta with her mother; they returned to New York when Horne was 12 years old.〔 She then attended Girls High School, an all-girls public high school in Brooklyn that has since become Boys and Girls High School; she dropped out without earning a diploma. Aged 18, she moved in with her father in Pittsburgh, staying in the city's Little Harlem for almost five years and learning from native Pittsburghers Billy Strayhorn and Billy Eckstine, among others.〔(Lena Horne ''Post-Gazette'' profile ); accessed May 8, 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lena Horne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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